Degree-Dependent

Degree-dependent refers to the fact that these devices (laser levers and transits) need to be set-up in a perfect 90 degree angle to the earths' center before they can be used (figure 1).

 
figure 1

If there is any movement after the initial set-up, then an error will occur in subsequent measurements. The longer the distance from the unit - the larger the error (figure 2).  An error of just 1/2 degree at the unit will result in an error of over 10" at 100'.  One-half degree is very little, barley perceptible to the human eye, this is why devices which rely on bubble-levels are the most prone to this type of error, while auto-leveling units aren't.


figure 2

The WatrLevel is not degree-dependent, it uses the concept that water seeks its' own level (gravity) to obtain a level-line. If the jug is moved for any reason, the resulting error will be the same at either end, regardless of the distance (figure 3).